An Old Theory Goes up in Cool Flames | Reduction

An Old Theory Goes up in Cool Flames

Excerpt:

A vapor cloud forms around the heptane fuel droplet following its dual-stage extinguishment in the FLEX investigation. (Credit: NASA) Deployment (top) and ignition (bottom) of the heptane droplet during the FLEX investigation. Click 'View large image' to see full image. (Credit: NASA) View large image A burning heptane droplet during the FLEX investigation on the International Space Station. (Credit: NASA) View large image Before you blow out the candle on your next cake or make a batch of S'mores over a campfire, look closely at the flame. There may be some very cool secrets inside those flames waiting to be revealed. While fire has warmed us and cooked our food for thousands of years, it still holds mysteries that can surprise us and change our understanding of how the world works.

Keywords:

flames droplets combustion space station heptane fuel International Space Station open flame degrees celsius engines Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition extinction diesel engines suppression techniques the space station Combustion Institute new discovery Glenn Research Center candle large Space Exploration fire suppression NASA Principal Investigator vaporization reduced gravity image two-stage gas mileage San Diego conditions Fire safety campfire the investigation cloud numerical HCCI Cleveland extinguishment S'mores recent oxidize spark-ignition Vedha research Ohio low-temperature condensation first time Microgravity

People:

Forman Williams

Overall Sentiment: -0.347486

Relevance: 0.729744

Sentiment	Quote
0	"There are many currently unknown things about the combustion process waiting to be revealed by future scientific experiments," said Forman Williams, ...
-0.0910355	"Thus far the most surprising thing we've observed is the continued apparent burning of heptane droplets after flame extinction under certain conditions. Currently, this is entirely unexplained for heptane," said Williams, ...
Sentiment Stats:	Number of Quotes: 2 Aggregate Sentiment: -0.0910355 Mean: -0.04551775 Standard Deviation: 1.7320508075689

heptane

Overall Sentiment: -0.697366

Relevance: 0.480501

Vedha Nayagam

Overall Sentiment: 0.205575

Relevance: 0.448194

Sentiment	Quote
0.0863773	"There are all kinds of implications for practical applications. For internal combustion engines, it can lead to pollution reduction and better gas mileage," said Vedha Nayagam, ...
0.0470645	"There are all kinds of implications for practical applications. For internal combustion engines, it can lead to pollution reduction and better gas mileage," said Vedha Nayagam, FLEX co-investigator, National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, Ohio. "You could use this cool flame burning to partially oxidize the fuel, like in the HCCI engine."
Sentiment Stats:	Number of Quotes: 2 Aggregate Sentiment: 0.1334418 Mean: 0.0667209 Standard Deviation: 1.7320508075689

Key:

• Aggregate Sentiment is meant to be an indicator of an individual's overall sentiment.
• The Mean is meant to be an indicator of an individual's average comment sentiment.
• The Standard Deviation, when there are enough quotes, will indicate an individual's consistency of sentiment (i.e. a Standard Deviation of 0 would mean they were very consistent in their sentiment and 1 would mean they were very inconsistent).

Note that quote stats are likely to be meaningless beyond the aggregate score due to the tiny sample size. However, they are always provided just in case you find something useful there.

Additional Info:

Facility: International Space Station.

Overall Sentiment: 0.105292

Relevance: 0.70555

Facility: University of California

Overall Sentiment: 0

Relevance: 0.437889

Disambiguation: References:

• University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center: dbpedia

StateOrCounty: Ohio

Overall Sentiment: 0.0178863

Relevance: 0.60811

Disambiguation: Location | PoliticalDistrict | AdministrativeDivision | GovernmentalJurisdiction | USStateReferences:

• Ohio
• Ohio: dbpedia
• Ohio: freebase
• Ohio: umbel
• Ohio: opencyc
• Ohio: yago

City: Cleveland

Overall Sentiment: 0.023468

Relevance: 0.552742

Disambiguation: References:

• Cleveland, Ohio: dbpedia
• Cleveland, Ohio: freebase
• Cleveland, Ohio: geonames
• Cleveland, Ohio: census
• Cleveland, Ohio: yago

City: San Diego

Overall Sentiment: 0

Relevance: 0.446583

Disambiguation: AdministrativeDivision | PlaceWithNeighborhoodsReferences:

• San Diego, California: dbpedia
• San Diego, California: freebase
• San Diego, California: geonames
• San Diego, California: census
• San Diego, California: yago

Organization: NASA

Overall Sentiment: 0.0950984

Relevance: 0.748232

Disambiguation: Company | GovernmentAgency | AirportOperator | AwardPresentingOrganization | SoftwareDeveloper | SpaceAgency | SpacecraftManufacturerReferences:

• NASA
• NASA: dbpedia
• NASA: freebase
• NASA: umbel
• NASA: opencyc
• NASA: yago

Organization: Combustion Institute

Overall Sentiment: 0.015979

Relevance: 0.682865

Disambiguation: References:

• Combustion Institute: dbpedia
• Combustion Institute: umbel
• Combustion Institute: yago

Organization: FLEX

Overall Sentiment: 0.284507

Relevance: 0.647628

Organization: National Center for Space Exploration Research

Overall Sentiment: 0.0738621

Relevance: 0.489422

Organization: Glenn Research Center

Overall Sentiment: 0

Relevance: 0.411209

URL Header Info

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An Old Theory Goes up in Cool Flames

Webpage Provided Desc:

Before you blow out the candle on your next cake, look at the flame. There may be some cool secrets inside those flames waiting to be revealed.

URL Provided Keywords:

Source URL: An Old Theory Goes up in Cool Flames

Data Sources

Full Content: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/cool_flame.html

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